In volleyball, the majority of the studies have reported the characteristics of women volleyball players or junior volleyball athletes of different positions ( 5-7). With respect to team sports, player profiling by position has been studied in volleyball ( 5,7), field hockey ( 3,8,9,16), basketball ( 1,2), netball ( 10), and soccer ( 21). Various investigations have been undertaken to ascertain specific physical and physiological profiles of athletes in a variety of sports. Each of these positions plays a specific role in a volleyball match ( 5). A volleyball squad comprises 12 players with team positions broadly defined as setters, hitters (outside hitter/left side hitter and opposite hitter/right side hitter), middle blockers, and liberos. In addition to technical and tactical skills, it has been argued that muscular strength and power are the most important factors contributing to successful performance during elite competitions ( 15). Volleyball is a team sport played at all competitive levels (e.g., youth, Olympic, and professional) and places an emphasis on explosive movements such as jumping, hitting, and blocking ( 14,15). From a practical perspective, sport scientists and conditioning professionals should take the strength and anthropometric characteristics of volleyball players into account when designing individualized position-specific training programs. In addition, these findings provide normative data for elite male volleyball players competing in specific individual playing positions. These results demonstrate that significant anthropometric and strength differences exist among playing positions in elite male volleyball players. Significant differences ( p 0.05) were found among groups for the strength and power parameters. Height, body mass, muscular strength (4 repetition maximum bench press and 4 repetition maximum parallel squat tests), and muscular power (overhead medicine ball throw, countermovement jump) were assessed. Players were categorized according to playing position and role: middle blockers ( n = 9), opposite hitters ( n = 6), outside hitters ( n = 10), setters ( n = 6), and liberos ( n = 4). A group of 35 professional male team volleyball players (mean ± SD age: 26.6 ± 3.1 years) participated in the study. J Strength Cond Res 23(4): 1106-1111, 2009-The purpose of this study was to investigate the anthropometric and strength characteristics of elite male volleyball athletes and to determine if differences exist in these characteristics according to playing position. Physical fitness qualities of professional volleyball players: Determination of positional differences. Marques, MC, van den Tillaar, R, Gabbett, TJ, Reis, VM, and González-Badillo, JJ.
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